Hyperspectral imaging technology is a cutting-edge technology that combines imaging technology and spectrum technology, and its principle is mainly based on the spectral absorption and reflection characteristics of objects. When light hits the surface of an object, light waves of different wavelengths are absorbed or reflected by the object, forming specific spectral features. Hyperspectral imaging system can obtain spectral information of objects in different bands by continuously measuring the spectrum of multiple bands. These spectral data are further used to reveal the detailed information of the chemical composition and physical characteristics of the object through spectral demixing and feature extraction.
一. Overview of hyperspectral imaging technology
Hyperspectral imaging is an advanced method that combines imaging and spectroscopy. It performs spectral analysis and imaging in near-infrared, infrared and visible wavelengths. By obtaining spectral information of objects in different bands, hyperspectral imaging technology can quickly identify and quantitatively analyze objects. This technique has the advantages of high spatial resolution, high spectral resolution and high sensitivity.
二.the research status of hyperspectral imaging in the field of cultural relics
In recent years, in the field of cultural relics, hyperspectral imaging technology can detect the damage, weathering or corrosion of cultural relics, and provide strong support for the protection and restoration of cultural relics. At the same time, the technology can also reveal hidden information in cultural relics, such as colors and patterns in ancient murals and painting and calligraphy relics, helping researchers gain a deeper understanding of history and culture.
In June 2015, researchers successfully authenticated the authenticity of Thangka using hyperspectral technology, which was broadcast in the documentary "The Adventures of Thangka" by Beijing TV Station.
In the third episode of the documentary "I repair cultural Relics in the Forbidden City" broadcast by CCTV-9 in January 2016, it was mentioned that researchers of the Chinese Academy of Sciences used hyperspectral remote sensing technology to provide important technical support for the restoration of calligraphy and painting cultural relics in the Forbidden City.
三. Experimental instruments and data
1. Use instrument: Color spectrum FS-IQ Hyperspectral camera
2. Use light source: halogen light source
3. Shooting effect
False color pictures at different wavelengths
4. The software can be used to observe the tiny details and changes on the surface of cultural relics in detail, and can be used for visual enhancement, hidden information mining, protection monitoring, pigment analysis, etc., which helps researchers to identify the characteristics of cultural relics more accurately.
四.the advantages of hyperspectral imaging in cultural relics detection
First of all, hyperspectral imaging technology is non-invasive and non-destructive. This characteristic allows it to be scanned and analyzed without touching the artifacts, minimizing the risk of damage to the artifacts. Through the non-contact detection method, hyperspectral imaging can ensure the safety and integrity of cultural relics, avoiding any form of damage during the detection process.
Secondly, hyperspectral imaging technology can provide rich spectral information. By capturing the reflection and scattering of light waves of different wavelengths on the surface of cultural relics, hyperspectral imaging can obtain detailed information such as material composition, structure and color of the surface of cultural relics. This information helps researchers to have a deeper understanding of the material, production process and historical background of cultural relics, and provides an important reference for the identification and protection of cultural relics.
In addition, hyperspectral imaging technology has the characteristics of high spatial resolution and high spectral resolution. This means it is able to pick up minute details and changes on the surface of artifacts and accurately distinguish spectral differences between different substances. This helps researchers to more accurately identify the characteristics of cultural relics, discover potential damage and diseases, and provide a scientific basis for the restoration and protection of cultural relics.
Finally, hyperspectral imaging technology also has fast and efficient detection capabilities. Through high-speed scanning and data processing, hyperspectral imaging can obtain a large amount of cultural relic information in a short time, which greatly improves the detection efficiency. This allows researchers to understand the condition of cultural relics more quickly, and take corresponding protection measures in time to avoid further damage to cultural relics.
To sum up, hyperspectral imaging has significant advantages in the detection of cultural relics, including non-invasive and non-destructive, rich spectral information, high spatial resolution and high spectral resolution, and fast and efficient detection capabilities. These advantages make hyperspectral imaging an important tool in the field of cultural relics detection, which provides strong support for the protection and research of cultural relics.